Drive Type

Device/drive type and subtype. Current R‑Studio version supports the following types:

Disk, WORM, CDROM, Optical, Changer, Floppy, RAM Disk, LDM Partition, LDM Component, LDM Volume

and subtypes:

Device, OS File, Physical Drive, Mount Point, Partition, Volume Set, Mirror, Stripe Set, RAID 4, RAID 5, RAID 6

Name

Device/drive name

Size

Device/drive size

Bus Type

Device/drive bus type. Can be:

IDE/ATA, IDE/ATAPI, SCSI, Floppy, USB, 1394, SSA, FibreChannel, RAID, SMART, ABIOS

OS object

Appears for image files under Windows for drives/disks. An object name used by OS to access the Device/drive.

R‑Studio driver

Driver names (both internal and OS) used to access this drive/disk.

Sector Size

Drive/disk sector size

Physical Drive Geometry

This section shows physical geometry for a drive. For a logical disk it shows the physical geometry for a drive where the logical disk resides

Cylinders

Tracks Per Cylinder

Sectors Per Track

Sector Size

Device Identification

This section shows vendor information for the drive/disk

Vendor

Product

Firmware

Bus

SCSI Address

This section shows SCSI information for the drive/disk

Port Number

Path ID

Target ID

Lun

Windows 9x/ME adds the following properties:

Int13 Drive Number

128 for the first drive accessible through Int13, 129 for the second one, etc. 0...128 for drives and other devices accessible through a Windows 9x/ME protected mode driver, if their Int13 device option is disabled. R‑Studio can use Int13 disk access, and for some drive types, like SCSI devices, Int13 access is preferable. You may consider enabling the Int13 device option in the Windows Device Manager for such devices.

Int13 Extension Version

Int13 Extension Version Support for drives. Extended Int13 support is necessary for large drives. If this property is zero, Extended Int13 is not supported, otherwise, it shows Extended Int13 standard version, the large, the better.

Drive Control

Maximum transfer

Maximum data size that can be read or written during a single access to the drive. If there are problems with drive access, decrease the value of this property

I/O Unit

Data size read or written during a single access to the drive is a multiple value of this property. If there are problems with drive access, decrease the value of this property

Buffer Alignment

Drive data transfer buffer is positioned at an address multiple value of this property. If there are problems with drive access, increase the value of this property.

These three properties are set by OS drivers. If the drivers set incorrect values, problems may appear during data transfer operations. You can alter them until data transfer becomes stable.

I/O Tries

Number of read/write tries during access to the drive. If there are bad sectors on the drive, increase the value of this property. This may help to successfully read those sectors. Sometimes, if the I/O Tries parameter is set too large and there are some unreadable sectors on the drive, the drive-controller pair may refuse to perform any successive read/write operations with the entire drive when it fails to read/write such sectors. In this case, set this parameter to zero.

The default value is specified in the Settings (Bad Sectors) panel.

R‑Studio treats bad sectors in the following way:

It reads a certain part of drive (predefined by Windows) and

• If Default read attempts is set to 0, the entire part with bad sectors will be filled with the specified pattern.

• If Default read attempts is set to a non-zero value, R‑Studio reads again that part sector by sector, repeating the attempts the specified number of times. If R‑Studio still cannot read a bad sector, it fills the sectors with the specified pattern. In this case only the bad sectors will be filled with the pattern, but that extremely slows the drive read process.

For example, if you set Default read attempts to 1, a bad sector will be read 2 times.

Partition Offset

Initial offset for the partition.

Partition Size

Size of the partition.

Partition Type

File system type for the partition. If the record in the drive partition table is incorrect, this property may differ from the actual file system type for this partition. Still, R‑Studio will process this partition correctly, as it does not use this property.

Partition number

Appears under Windows NT/​2000/​XP/​2003/​Vista/​2008/​7/​8/8.1/​10 only. Shows the number of the partition on the physical drive.

For region s and recognized partitions, Partition Offset and Partition Type properties can be manually corrected.

Main properties of compound volumes are parents (drive objects from which a compound volume is created) and their order. These properties may be viewed in the Parents tab . For user-created compound volumes these properties may be altered.

Raid Block Size

Data block size for compound volumes of RAID (Level 0-5) types

Offset of Logical Disk

Initial offset of a logical disk on a drive. For disks, initially formatted by LDM, this value is often 31.5KB , for converted disks, it may be larger.

Supposed Parents Count

Supposed number of parent partitions for compound LDM volumes. If the LDM database is not damaged, the value of this property must be equal to the number of parent objects in the Parents tab for the drive object.

LDM Host GUID

Global Unique Identifier of a computer system where this LDM disk group has been created.

LDM DiskGroup GUID

Global Unique Identifier of the LDM disk group.

LDM Disk GUID

Global Unique Identifier of the drive.

LDM Volume GUID

Global Unique Identifier of the volume.

LDM Disk ID

Local drive Identifier, unique within this LDM disk group.

LDM Partition ID

Local partition Identifier, unique within this LDM disk group.

LDM Component ID

Local component Identifier, unique within this LDM disk group.

LDM Volume ID

Local volume Identifier, unique within this LDM disk group.

LDM Disk AltName

Additional Alternative Name given by LDM to the drive.

LDM Disk DriveHint

Last name of the volume, under which is has been mounted in the system. May be either a letter (C:, D:, etc.), or a mount point under Windows ​2000/​XP/​2003/​Vista/​2008/​7/​8/8.1/​10 .

NTFS Information

Regular volumes

Recognized NTFS

Recognized volumes

Cluster Size

Cluster size for the NTFS volume.

MFT record size

Size of one MFT record describing one file on the NTFS volume. This is an important property of any NTFS volume. Its common value is 1KB. If this property has incorrect value, many files may be incorrectly recovered.

Sector Size

Sector size for the physical drive. This property is read from the boot sector of the NTFS volume and does not affect R‑Studio operation.

Index Block Size

Index block size for the NTFS volume. This property determines binary trees used to store NTFS folder structure. It does not affect R‑Studio operation.

MFT position

MFT offset from the start of the NTFS volume.

MFT Mirror Position

Second MFT copy offset from the start of the NTFS volume.

Volume size

Size of the NTFS volume. This property does not affect R‑Studio operation.

FAT Information

Regular volumes

Recognized FAT

Recognized volumes

FAT Bits (12,16,32)

FAT type. 12 for the FAT12, 16 for the FAT16, 32 for the FAT32.

Cluster Size

Cluster size for the FAT volume.

First Cluster Offset

Offset of the first cluster from the start of the FAT volume.

Boot Directory Cluster

( For FAT32 only. ) Cluster number where the root directory starts on the FAT volume where the logical disk resides.

Root Directory Offset

( For FAT12 and 16 only. ) Root directory offset from the start of the FAT volume.

Root Directory Length

( For FAT12 and 16 only. ) Root directory length for the FAT volume.

First FAT Offset

Offset for the first FAT table on the volume. Together with the Size of One Fat Table property, is a most important property for a FAT volume. If this property is incorrect, many files (especially fragmented ones) may be incorrectly recovered.

Size of One FAT Table

Size of one FAT table on the volume.

Sector Size

Sector size of the drive. This property is read from the boot sector of the FAT volume and does not affect R‑Studio operation.

Number of FAT Copies

Number of FAT copies on the FAT volume.

Active FAT copy

Active FAT table number for the FAT volume. Can be set to Disabled , Auto , 1 , or 2 . If it is Disabled , R‑Studio processes the volume as there is no FAT table present. This may be useful if the volume has been reformatted and thus a new FAT table is created and the old one is deleted. In this case, it is reasonable to recover files from the previous volume without processing the new and irrelevant FAT table. All files will be recovered as continuous byte chains beginning from their start cluster. Unfragmented files will be recovered successfully. If it is 1 or 2 , R‑Studio uses the first or second FAT table copy, respectively. If it is Auto , R‑Studio uses both FAT table copies and decides, which FAT table copy should be used for a particular FAT table sector. This may be useful when both FAT tables are partially damaged.

Major version

FAT version.

Minor version

FAT minor version.

Volume size

Size of the volume.

Ext2FS Information

Regular volumes

Recognized Ext2/3/4FS

Recognized volumes

Block Size

Block size of Ext2FS file system. A block in the Ext2/3/4FS file system is similar to a cluster in the FAT file system.

First SuperBlock Offset

Offset of the first SuperBlock from the start of the Ext2/3/4FS volume.

Blocks Per Volume

Number of blocks in the Ext2/3/4FS volume.

INodes Per Volume

Number of inodes on the Ext2/3/4FS volume. An inode is a record describing file's size, attributes, position on an Ext2F/3/4S volume - all information about a file, except its name, which is stored separately. Therefore, the INodes Per Volume parameter is equal to the maximum number of files on an Ext2/3/4FS volume.

Creator OS

The OS that created this Ext2/3/4FS volume. May be Linux , Hurd , Masix , FreeBSD , Lites .

Major version

Ext2/3/4FS version. Usually 1 .

Minor version

Ext2/3/4FS minor version. Usually 0 .

Last Mount Time

Last mount time for this Ext2/3/4FS volume.

Last Write Time

Last write time for this Ext2/3/4FS volume.

Last Check Time

Last check time for this Ext2/3/4FS volume.

Volume size

Size of the volume.

Parsed File Entries

Number of files proving that this recognized volume existed. May have any non-negative values. The main property characterizing the reliability of volume recognition. The larger it, the higher probability that this recognized volume has file system properties that have been correctly found.

Parsed Boot Records

Number of boot records proving that this recognized volume existed. May be 0 or 1 . This is the second important property characterizing the reliability of volume recognition.

Estimated Size

Estimated size of the recognized FS partition/volume. This property shows the most probable size of the recognized FS partition/volume. Alternatively, Size and Partition Size are set to the highest possible values in order to recover the maximum number of files.